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Properties Characterization of Chemically Modified Hemp Hurds

Published

4 years ago

August 10, 2017

Republished by Plato

. 2014 Dec 17;7(12):8131-8150.

doi: 10.3390/ma7128131.

Affiliations

¹ Department of Material Engineering, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Kosice, Vysokoskolska 4, Kosice 042 00, Slovakia. nadezda.stevulova@tuke.sk.
² Department of Material Engineering, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Kosice, Vysokoskolska 4, Kosice 042 00, Slovakia. julia.cigasova@tuke.sk.
³ Department of Material Engineering, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Kosice, Vysokoskolska 4, Kosice 042 00, Slovakia. adriana.estokova@tuke.sk.
⁴ Department of Material Engineering, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Kosice, Vysokoskolska 4, Kosice 042 00, Slovakia. eva.terpakova@tuke.sk.
⁵ Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 2117/24, Zvolen 960 53; Slovakia. geffert@tuzvo.sk.
⁶ Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 2117/24, Zvolen 960 53; Slovakia. kacik@tuzvo.sk.
⁷ Department of Material Engineering, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Kosice, Vysokoskolska 4, Kosice 042 00, Slovakia. eva.singovszka@tuke.sk.
⁸ Department of Material Engineering, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Kosice, Vysokoskolska 4, Kosice 042 00, Slovakia. marian.holub@tuke.sk.

Free PMC article

Item in Clipboard

Nadezda Stevulova et al. Materials (Basel). 2014.

Free PMC article

. 2014 Dec 17;7(12):8131-8150.

doi: 10.3390/ma7128131.

Affiliations

¹ Department of Material Engineering, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Kosice, Vysokoskolska 4, Kosice 042 00, Slovakia. nadezda.stevulova@tuke.sk.
² Department of Material Engineering, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Kosice, Vysokoskolska 4, Kosice 042 00, Slovakia. julia.cigasova@tuke.sk.
³ Department of Material Engineering, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Kosice, Vysokoskolska 4, Kosice 042 00, Slovakia. adriana.estokova@tuke.sk.
⁴ Department of Material Engineering, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Kosice, Vysokoskolska 4, Kosice 042 00, Slovakia. eva.terpakova@tuke.sk.
⁵ Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 2117/24, Zvolen 960 53; Slovakia. geffert@tuzvo.sk.
⁶ Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 2117/24, Zvolen 960 53; Slovakia. kacik@tuzvo.sk.
⁷ Department of Material Engineering, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Kosice, Vysokoskolska 4, Kosice 042 00, Slovakia. eva.singovszka@tuke.sk.
⁸ Department of Material Engineering, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Kosice, Vysokoskolska 4, Kosice 042 00, Slovakia. marian.holub@tuke.sk.

Item in Clipboard

Abstract

The effect of chemical treatment of hemp hurds slices in three solutions (EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), NaOH and Ca(OH)₂) on the properties of natural material was discussed in this paper. Changes in the morphology, chemical composition and structure as well as thermal stability of hemp hurds before and after their modification were investigated by using FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray powder diffraction analysis) and TG (thermogravimetry)/DSC (differential scanning calorimetry). Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) measurements were used for determination of degree of cellulose polymerization of hemp hurd samples. Chemical modification is related to the partial removal of non-cellulosic components of lignin, hemicellulose and pectin as well as waxes from the surface of hemp hurd slices. Another effect of the chemical treatment applied is connected with increasing the crystallinity index of cellulose determined by FTIR and XRD methods. Decrease in degree of cellulose polymerization and polydispersity index in chemically modified hemp hurds compared to the original sample was observed. Increase in thermal stability of treated hemp hurd was found. The most significant changes were observed in alkaline treated hemp hurds by NaOH.

Keywords: FTIR; SEC; TG/DSC; XRD; chemical modification; hemp hurds.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1**

Cross-section of a hemp stem [6].

**Figure 3**

XRD patterns of hemp hurds samples before (referential) and after chemical modification with marked peaks for determination of the crystalline cellulose contents.

**Figure 4**

Micrographs of original sample of hemp hurds (a) and chemically modified by NaOH (b), EDTA (c) and Ca(OH)₂ (d) (40 times of magnification).

**Figure 5**

FTIR spectra of reference hemp hurds and chemically modified samples.

**Figure 6**

FTIR spectra of reference hemp hurds and chemically modified samples.

**Figure 7**

Relationship between DP values and CI_FTIR of cellulose.

**Figure 8**

Cellulose molecular weight distribution of hemp hurds samples.

**Figure 9**

DSC curves of referential and chemically treated hemp hurds.

Cited by 4 articles

Valorization of Hemp Core Residues: Impact of NaOH Treatment on the Flexural Strength of PP Composites and Intrinsic Flexural Strength of Hemp Core Fibers.

Vilaseca F, Serra-Parareda F, Espinosa E, Rodríguez A, Mutjé P, Delgado-Aguilar M. Vilaseca F, et al. Biomolecules. 2020 May 27;10(6):823. doi: 10.3390/biom10060823. Biomolecules. 2020. PMID: 32471275 Free PMC article.
Transparent Ultraviolet (UV)-Shielding Films Made from Waste Hemp Hurd and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA).

Zhang Y, Remadevi R, Hinestroza JP, Wang X, Naebe M. Zhang Y, et al. Polymers (Basel). 2020 May 22;12(5):1190. doi: 10.3390/polym12051190. Polymers (Basel). 2020. PMID: 32456096 Free PMC article.
Effect of Silica Fume as a Component of Alternative Binder on the Selected Technically Important Characteristics of Bio-Aggregate-Based Composites.

Stevulova N, Junak J, Vaclavik V. Stevulova N, et al. Materials (Basel). 2018 Nov 1;11(11):2153. doi: 10.3390/ma11112153. Materials (Basel). 2018. PMID: 30388795 Free PMC article.
Comminution of Dry Lignocellulosic Biomass, a Review: Part I. From Fundamental Mechanisms to Milling Behaviour.

Mayer-Laigle C, Blanc N, Rajaonarivony RK, Rouau X. Mayer-Laigle C, et al. Bioengineering (Basel). 2018 Jun 2;5(2):41. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering5020041. Bioengineering (Basel). 2018. PMID: 29865229 Free PMC article. Review.

References

1. Bakis C.E., Bank L.C., Brown V.L., Cosenza E., Davalos J.F., Lesko J.J., Machida A., Rizkalla S.H., Triantafillou T.C. Fiber-reinforced polymer composites for construction—A state-of-the-art review. J. Compos. Constr. 2002;6:73–87. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2002)6:2(73). – DOI
1. Yan L., Chouw N. Sustainable concrete and structures with natural fibre reinforcements. In: Lu Y., editor. Infrastructure Corrosion and Durability—A Sustainability Study. OMICS Group eBooks; Foster City, CA, USA: 2014.
1. Savastano H., Jr., Santos S.F., Radonjic M., Soboyejo W.O. Fracture and fatigue of natural fiber-reinforced cementitious composites. Cem. Concr. Compos. 2009;31:232–243. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.02.006. – DOI
1. Thygesen A., Daniel G., Lilholt H., Thomsen A.B. Hemp fiber microstructure and use of fungal defibration to obtain fibers for composite materials. J. Nat. Fibres. 2005;2:19–37. doi: 10.1300/J395v02n04_02. – DOI
1. Gümüşkaya E., Usta M., Balaban M. Carbohydrate components and crystalline structure of organosolv hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) bast fibers pulp. Bioresour. Technol. 2007;98:491–497. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.02.031. – DOI – PubMed

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