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Maternal cannabis use alters ventral striatal dopamine D2 gene regulation in the offspring
CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that maternal cannabis use alters developmental regulation of mesolimbic D(2)R in offspring through epigenetic mechanisms that regulate histone lysine methylation, and the ensuing reduction of D(2)R might contribute to addiction vulnerability later in life.

Background: Prenatal cannabis exposure has been linked to addiction vulnerability, but the neurobiology underlying this risk is unknown.
Methods: Striatal dopamine and opioid-related genes were studied in human fetal subjects exposed to cannabis (as well as cigarettes and alcohol). Cannabis-related gene disturbances observed in the human fetus were subsequently characterized with an animal model of prenatal Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (.15 mg/kg) exposure.
Results: Prenatal cannabis exposure decreased dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) messenger RNA expression in the human ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens [NAc]), a key brain reward region. No significant alterations were observed for the other genes in cannabis-exposed subjects. Maternal cigarette use was associated with reduced NAc prodynorphin messenger RNA expression, and alcohol exposure induced broad alterations primarily in the dorsal striatum of most genes. To explore the mechanisms underlying the cannabis-associated disturbances, we exposed pregnant rats to THC and examined the epigenetic regulation of the NAc Drd2 gene in their offspring at postnatal day 2, comparable to the human fetal period studied, and in adulthood. Chromatin immunoprecipitation of the adult NAc revealed increased 2meH3K9 repressive mark and decreased 3meH3K4 and RNA polymerase II at the Drd2 gene locus in the THC-exposed offspring. Decreased Drd2 expression was accompanied by reduced dopamine D2 receptor (D(2)R) binding sites and increased sensitivity to opiate reward in adulthood.
Conclusions: These data suggest that maternal cannabis use alters developmental regulation of mesolimbic D(2)R in offspring through epigenetic mechanisms that regulate histone lysine methylation, and the ensuing reduction of D(2)R might contribute to addiction vulnerability later in life.
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France’s “recreational” cannabis survey • New Mexico governor prioritizes legalization • California eases banking access • & more…
The Cannabis Wire Daily newsletter is sent to C-Wire Plus subscribers every weekday morning at 7 a.m. Excerpts are published here later in the day. Don’t miss the full picture. Subscribe now. In France, parliament members enter next phase of “fact-finding mission” on cannabis. For the past year, dozens of members of parliament in France’s National Assembly have been […]
The Cannabis Wire Daily newsletter is sent to C-Wire Plus subscribers every weekday morning at 7 a.m. Excerpts are published here later in the day. Don’t miss the full picture. Subscribe now.
In France, parliament members enter next phase of “fact-finding mission” on cannabis.
For the past year, dozens of members of parliament in France’s National Assembly have been on what they call a “fact-finding mission” about cannabis. Until recently, that mission has been focused on medical cannabis, but, now, the group has turned its attention to “recreational cannabis.”
The group released a questionnaire this week in an effort “to better understand the perception of cannabis” among the population and “their vision of the future of public policies in this area.” The questionnaire will be open until the end of February.
California regulators push toward “greater access to financial services” for the cannabis industry.
In September, as Cannabis Wirereported, several cannabis bills were signed by California Governor Gavin Newsom. Among them was Assembly Bill 1525, which, as Newsom wrote at the time, “affirmatively protects certain entities providing financial services to the legal cannabis industry … This bill has the potential to increase the provision of financial services to the legal cannabis industry, and for that reason, I support it.”
This week, regulations to implement this bill have been published (read them here). And, as the regulations come with a proposal for “emergency action,” they are likely to quickly go into effect.
In an email sent to stakeholders, the California Department of Food and Agriculture wrote:
“The proposed regulations create a pathway for licensees to authorize sharing of non-public information with selected financial institutions and provide a mechanism for financial institutions to more readily conduct the federally required reviews of the cannabis business. By reducing the burden of providing financial services to cannabis businesses, more financial institutions may be willing to provide services, thereby reducing the need to keep cash on hand and improving public safety.”
New Mexico governor says cannabis is a priority.
Just as she did in January 2020, New Mexico Gov. Michelle Lujan Grisham included cannabis in her “priorities for the session” ahead of the legislature’s first day on January 19.
As Cannabis Wirereported last January, Grisham called for cannabis legalization during her State of the State address. But even before COVID-19 hit, lawmaker opposition halted the effort.
Now, cannabis is on Grisham’s agenda again. On cannabis, her list of priorities reads:
“Establish an essential new revenue source for the state and employment source for tens of thousands of New Mexicans: Legalizing adult-use recreational cannabis through legislation that protects the state’s medical cannabis program, provides for workplace safety and roadway protections and enforcement and clear labeling of products.”
Colorado: while sales fell after mid-year, a record has been set.
Cannabis sales in the state between January and November exceeded $2 billion. Even though December data has yet to be released, the record for highest annual cannabis sales in the state was $1.75 million in 2019.
While cannabis sales steadily fell in the second half of the year, they hit an unprecedented high in the summer.

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