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Ethanol production from industrial hemp: effect of combined dilute acid/steam pretreatment and economic aspects

Published

7 years ago

May 14, 2014

Republished by Plato

. 2014 Jul;163:236-43.

doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.04.049. Epub 2014 Apr 24.

Affiliations

¹ Faculty of Materials and Environmental Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa 2, 43-309 Bielsko-Biala, Poland.
² Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 113, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
³ Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 103, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden.
⁴ Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 101, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden.
⁵ Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 113, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. Electronic address: iria@env.dtu.dk.

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Mariusz Kuglarz et al. Bioresour Technol. 2014 Jul.

. 2014 Jul;163:236-43.

doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.04.049. Epub 2014 Apr 24.

Affiliations

¹ Faculty of Materials and Environmental Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa 2, 43-309 Bielsko-Biala, Poland.
² Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 113, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
³ Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 103, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden.
⁴ Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 101, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden.
⁵ Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 113, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. Electronic address: iria@env.dtu.dk.

Item in Clipboard

Abstract

In the present study, combined steam (140-180°C) and dilute-acid pre-hydrolysis (0.0-2.0%) were applied to industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), as pretreatment for lignocellulosic bioethanol production. The influence of the pretreatment conditions and cultivation type on the hydrolysis and ethanol yields was also evaluated. Pretreatment with 1% sulfuric acid at 180°C resulted in the highest glucose yield (73-74%) and ethanol yield of 75-79% (0.38-0.40 g-ethanol/g-glucose). Taking into account the costs of biomass processing, from field to ethanol facility storage, the field-dried hemp pretreated at the optimal conditions showed positive economic results. The type of hemp cultivation (organic or conventional) did not influence significantly the effectiveness of the pretreatment as well as subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol fermentation.

Keywords: Bioethanol; Economic analysis; Industrial hemp; Steam pretreatment.

Cited by 1 article

Characterization and Preparation of Nano-porous Carbon Derived from Hemp Stems as Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Guan Z, Guan Z, Li Z, Liu J, Yu K. Guan Z, et al. Nanoscale Res Lett. 2019 Nov 7;14(1):338. doi: 10.1186/s11671-019-3161-1. Nanoscale Res Lett. 2019. PMID: 31701241 Free PMC article.

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Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24821202/?utm_source=no_user_agent&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=1XAOX_jnjTyCUo06Xbq0lslwi760CIxcWfQx0n9x5BPH5yV1sN&fc=20200804212910&ff=20200812190952&v=2.11.5

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5 Reasons To Incorporate CBD Into Your life

The post 5 Reasons To Incorporate CBD Into Your life appeared first on Knockout CBD.

Published

2 hours ago

November 28, 2020

Republished by Plato

Cannabidiol, also known as CBD, is at the forefront of hemp-derived products – and for a good reason. The mild effects of brain cognition help users after a stressful day with relaxation and other subtle mind-altering effects. Contrary to the conventional THC, CBD is a popular alternative due to its safer neuroprotective properties – that are somewhat more welcoming than THC’s psychoactive effects. While CBD’s different ingestion methods have notes of varying results, the overall usage generates considerable health benefits that make it an appealing consumable. While the option to ingest CBD is ultimately up to your preference, here are our top 5 reasons to incorporate CBD into your life.

Helps alleviate anxiety

With 3.1% of the US population being affected by anxiety, this problem is very much prominent today. Especially in these trying times, from factors such as career difficulties or emotional strain, the reasons for accumulating stress and anxiety are immeasurable. While not necessarily needing to consult a doctor, common traits of anxiety can include the following:

Difficulty concentrating
Difficulty sleeping
Irritability
Muscle Tension
Sweaty Palms
Rapid Heartbeat

Overall, feeling off is contributed by these factors – where we can commonly diagnose ourselves with anxiety, but we shouldn’t feel as if there’s no help out there. We’ve all been there. And we all dread the feeling of not being at the top of our mental health. Luckily for us, the quick cut solution of CBD Capsules is an excellent option for an easily consumable product for mild mind-altering effects to assist with the everyday struggle.

No THC

Contrary to conventional THC, CBD is a popular alternative as its a relatively safer option. With THC being the primary psychoactive constituent of cannabis, the immediate effects may be overwhelming to the casual user. For many CBD enthusiasts, who prefer being more in control of their brain cognition, CBD’s preference comes down to its more welcoming appeal during a session. The option to choose CBD over THC can come down to the following:

Mild effects
Winding down while still being coherent
Subtle relaxation
After strenuous muscle activity

With THC popularly ingested through vape products, the CBD Vape Pen alternative suffices well.

Neuroprotective Properties

Thought to interact with CB1 and CB2 receptors in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system, CBD helps with neuroprotective properties – as shown with its mild effects. While studies are still in the process, the results of CBD are always there to observe. From the mild mind-altering effects to the easiness on your stomach, these effects make life a little more bearable. When following more or less than 5 reasons to incorporate CBD into your life, we like to constitute this point to high priority – as it’s one of the main reasons CBD enthusiasts utilize this product. If you’re a soon to be CBD enthusiast, the classic CBD tincture is an excellent way to get started.

Substance Abuse Treatment

A common situation with mind-altering products is just how great it can make you feel. We all have stressful days, and we all need something to make the wind down a little more bearable. However, when we get used to these potent effects and become reliant on them – there might be a problem. As this is subjective to the user, we like to stress responsibility, as our idea of CBD is for its mild effects – that don’t take away from your overall ability. When using CBD, we highly recommend following our CBD dosage chart for a safe experience.

Helps with Appetite

Aside from the neuroprotective properties, CBD shows to help with appetite. Contrary to the conventional THC, it does not give the munchies but helps alleviate sickness from stress or anxiety. Shown to have anti-inflammatory properties to treat gastrointestinal issues, CBD is a great solution to settle a stomach during or after a meal. A quick cut solution, our CBD gummies are an excellent snack with your meal – that help with ingesting CBD in your daily routine.

Conclusion

With CBD being at the forefront of trending hemp-derived products, there are more than 5 reasons to incorporate CBD into your life. While we have broken it down to these simple steps, the option to use CBD ultimately comes down to the intensity of your mind-altering effects – that make your life a little more bearable. Whether you prefer the CBD Flowers or the CBD Vape Pen, you can always find your next CBD product at Knockout CBD today.

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Source: https://knockoutcbd.com/5-reasons-to-incorporate-cbd-into-your-life/

Heartland

Is CBD Oil For Horses Safe?

Published

3 hours ago

November 28, 2020

Republished by Plato

CBD Oil For Horses Safe

People and pets have complicated relationships. Even though you know that your horse might not understand everything you are saying, you still care about it a lot. Imagine if, out of nowhere, it decided that it was not going to eat at all because of internal pain.

You would want to do everything in your power to help. One of the best medications that are taking over the world is CBD oil. Now, even though there have not been any studies performed on horses, many online forums, and reports state that it helps significantly in many situations.

Many equestrians have tried administering it, and they saw zero adverse effects. Cannabidiol does not have any side effects in humans, dogs, and cats. All of us fall under the Mammalia family, and we all have an endocannabinoid system. That means that you will not have to think twice about giving a few drops to your equine in the morning and at night.

What are some of the reasons why you should use it?

Not a single living organism can escape aging. As time goes by, our bodies start to give out. That is just the way life is. After a horse passes through maturity, it starts to experience inflammation, pain, stress, anxiety, and chronic stiffness.

All these problems make their quality of life much worse than it used to be. That is why most owners want to help in any way they can. You can’t use CBD oil from online sites like Holistapet as a means to cure all diseases, but it helps with a lot of processes.

One of them is regulating appetite and metabolism. There is a period in every equine’s life when they simply do not want to eat. There are tons of different causes for that, but without food, there is no energy. We all need energy to keep on living. If you have ever smoked weed, then you know how it feels to get the munchies.

That is the cannabidiol working and regulating your appetite. It also helps to improve emotional states, and it elevates mood. That is why everyone is happy, and everything is a bit funnier after a few puffs. It also helps the immune system work better. It lubricates the joints and helps with mobility, handles irritated skin efficiently, and promotes better bowel health and digestion.

Seeing that we have the same endocannabinoid system, all these benefits will get transferred to your riding buddy. If your horse was depressed and unable to eat, then giving them a few drops in the morning and the evening will make a huge difference. You will start to feel as if it’s a completely different animal.

Is it safe?

Even though there are not any horse-specific studies, all the research that has been conducted on other mammals points to a positive outcome. There are no toxic elements to CBD oils, and they do not cause addiction. Many people think that if you use products that contain cannabidiol, you will get hooked like with alcohol, cigarettes, or drugs.

But that is simply not true. It is medicine, and even when used in high doses, it can be tolerated. Over the past 20 years of rigorous testing, there have only been a few mild side effects. These include dry mouth and drowsiness.

The easiest way to handle a dry mouth if it happens to your equine is to give them more water. On the other hand, if they feel sleepy after you provide it to them, that means that you overdid it with the dosage. Always start with a small amount and increase it if you don’t see any results. Follow this link for more info https://www.horsetalk.co.nz/2019/07/01/cannabidiol-cbd-horses/.

The body is a marvel of biological engineering. This includes the ECS. Even if you never give your equine a drop of CBD, they will still have endocannabinoids flowing in their bodies, just like we have them too. This system is responsible for regulating memory, temperature, immune function, mood, inflammation, sleep, digestion, and pain.

Its primary purpose is to keep mammal bodies in homeostasis. Even if your riding buddy did not show you any adverse signs, they would surely feel better. There is no way for them to say thank you, but that is the truth.

Source: https://www.google.com/url?rct=j&sa=t&url=https://zobuz.com/is-cbd-oil-for-horses-safe/7780/&ct=ga&cd=CAIyGmM2M2RhZjlmZTVmZDZjMmU6Y29tOmVuOlVT&usg=AFQjCNEMQTqDdU5cG0FIcVufbLkb39pnqA

Heartland

Is CBD Oil For Horses Safe?

Published

3 hours ago

November 28, 2020

Republished by Plato

Is CBD Oil For Horses Safe? People and pets have complicated relationships. Even though you know that your horse might not understand everything … Source: