Heartland
Durability of Basalt/Hemp Hybrid Thermoplastic Composites
The Achilles heel of thermoplastic natural fibre composites is their limited durability. The environmental degradation of the mechanical properties of hemp and hemp/basalt hybrid-reinforced high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites has been investigated with a special focus on the effects of water ageing and accelerated ageing, including hygrothermal and UV radiation. Modification of the matrix was carried out using a maleic anhydride high-density polyethylene copolymer (MAPE) as a…
. 2019 Apr 2;11(4):603.
doi: 10.3390/polym11040603.
Affiliations
Free PMC article
Item in Clipboard
Polymers (Basel). .
Free PMC article
Abstract
The Achilles heel of thermoplastic natural fibre composites is their limited durability. The environmental degradation of the mechanical properties of hemp and hemp/basalt hybrid-reinforced high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites has been investigated with a special focus on the effects of water ageing and accelerated ageing, including hygrothermal and UV radiation. Modification of the matrix was carried out using a maleic anhydride high-density polyethylene copolymer (MAPE) as a compatibilizer. Hybridization of hemp fibres with basalt fibres and the incorporation of MAPE were found to significantly decrease the water uptake (up to 75%) and increase the retention of mechanical properties after accelerated ageing. Secondary crystallization phenomena occurring in the composites, as confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, were able to counteract the severe combined effects of hygrothermal stress and UV radiation, with the exception of hemp-fibre composites where permanent damage to the fibres occurred, with 2% and 20% reduction in tensile strength and modulus, respectively, for a 30 wt % hemp fibre-reinforced HDPE.
Keywords: basalt fibres; durability; environmental degradation; hemp fibres; hybrid; natural fibres; polymer-matrix composites.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Figures

Water absorption curves of the different composites at room temperature.

Tensile strength and Young’s modulus of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and hemp/basalt fibre hybrid composites before and after water ageing.

SEM micrographs detailing the fracture surface of water-aged composites, reinforced with 30 wt % of hemp fibres without (a,c,e) and with (b,d,f) a coupling agent.

SEM micrographs detailing the fracture surface of water-aged composites, reinforced with 30 wt % of basalt fibres without (a,c,e) and with (b,d,f) a coupling agent.

Evolution of the normalized mechanical properties as a function of exposure time.

SEM micrographs detailing the fracture surface of aged composites, reinforced with 30 wt % of hemp fibres without (a,c,e) and with (b,d,f) a coupling agent.

SEM micrographs detailing the fracture surface of aged composites, reinforced with 30 wt % of basalt fibres without (a,c,e) and with (b,d,f) a coupling agent.
Similar articles
-
Investigation into mechanical, absorption and swelling behaviour of hemp/sisal fibre reinforced bioepoxy hybrid composites: Effects of stacking sequences.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2019 Nov 1;140:637-646. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.166. Epub 2019 Aug 19. Int J Biol Macromol. 2019. PMID: 31437507
-
Mechanical Properties of Nonwoven Reinforced Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composites.
Materials (Basel). 2017 Jun 5;10(6):618. doi: 10.3390/ma10060618. Materials (Basel). 2017. PMID: 28772977 Free PMC article.
-
Basalt/Wood Hybrid Composites Based on Polypropylene: Morphology, Processing Properties, and Mechanical and Thermal Expansion Performance.
Materials (Basel). 2019 Aug 11;12(16):2557. doi: 10.3390/ma12162557. Materials (Basel). 2019. PMID: 31405232 Free PMC article.
-
Environmental effects on fibre reinforced polymeric composites: evolving reasons and remarks on interfacial strength and stability.
Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2015 Mar;217:43-67. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2014.12.005. Epub 2014 Dec 19. Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2015. PMID: 25578406 Review.
-
Amazing Types, Properties, and Applications of Fibres in Construction Materials.
Materials (Basel). 2019 Aug 7;12(16):2513. doi: 10.3390/ma12162513. Materials (Basel). 2019. PMID: 31394815 Free PMC article. Review.
Cited by 4 articles
-
Durability of LDPE/UHMWPE Composites under Accelerated Degradation.
Polymers (Basel). 2020 May 29;12(6):1241. doi: 10.3390/polym12061241. Polymers (Basel). 2020. PMID: 32486056 Free PMC article.
-
Water Absorption and Hygrothermal Aging Behavior of Wood-Polypropylene Composites.
Polymers (Basel). 2020 Apr 2;12(4):782. doi: 10.3390/polym12040782. Polymers (Basel). 2020. PMID: 32252232 Free PMC article.
-
Influence of Hybridization on Tensile Behaviors of Non-Absorbable Braided Polymeric Sutures.
Polymers (Basel). 2020 Mar 19;12(3):682. doi: 10.3390/polym12030682. Polymers (Basel). 2020. PMID: 32204377 Free PMC article.
-
Effect of Fibers Configuration and Thickness on Tensile Behavior of GFRP Laminates Exposed to Harsh Environment.
Polymers (Basel). 2019 Aug 26;11(9):1401. doi: 10.3390/polym11091401. Polymers (Basel). 2019. PMID: 31455018 Free PMC article.
References
-
- Kirchherr J., Reike D., Hekkert M. Conceptualizing the circular economy: An analysis of 114 definitions. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 2017;127:221–232. doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.09.005. – DOI
-
- Geissdoerfer M., Savaget P., Bocken N.M.P., Hultink E.J. The Circular Economy—A new sustainability paradigm? J. Clean. Prod. 2017;143:757–768. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.12.048. – DOI
-
- Murray A., Skene K., Haynes K. The Circular Economy: An Interdisciplinary Exploration of the Concept and Application in a Global Context. J. Bus. Ethics. 2017;140:369–380. doi: 10.1007/s10551-015-2693-2. – DOI
-
- Bourmaud A., Beaugrand J., Shaf D.U., Placet V., Baley C. Towards the design of high-performance plant fibre composites. Prog. Mater. Sci. 2018;97:347–408. doi: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2018.05.005. – DOI
Grant support
LinkOut – more resources
-
Full Text Sources
Heartland
Sunnyvale – #1 CBD Gummies & How to use It?

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) regulates everything from relaxation to eating, sleeping, inflammation and even cognitive function. In a nutshell, the ECS is responsible for making sure the entire body is working optimally. Sunnyvale Labs CBD Gummies has been shown to positively regulate your ECS addressing issues such as anxiety, insomnia, chronic pain, and inflammation. Here is what the ECS system is known to do:
=====> Click and Buy The Sunnyvale <=====
Body: Stimulates an anti-inflammatory response which helps reduce all forms of chronic aches and pains. Regular use also helps support joint health, mobility, and flexibility.
Brain: Helps positively regulate mood patterns which help reduce anxiety and stress. It also promotes better sleep cycles and in some cases may offer a safe remedy for depression and bipolar disorders.
Age: Inflammation is a natural killer responsible for all sorts of disease such as diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and more. Inflammation is also a positive mechanism used to heal damaged tissue. The ECS is a critical part of managing the parts of the body that when finely tuned can help you feel you.
Heartland
Sunnyvale Labs CBD Gummies — Instant Pain Relief Hemp Gummies!

Sunnyvale Labs CBD Gummies: One of the incredible matters generally this thing is that it’s so multi-reason. For example, when you have pulsated again, this could assist you with diminishing that without hurt killers. Or on the other hand, when you have a strain that returns with your total perception around night time, the local Sunnyvale Labs CBD Gummies Ingredients license you to calm down, too.
What Are The Sunnyvale Labs CBD Gummies Ingredients?
The Sunnyvale Labs CBD Gummies Ingredients include effective, local portions to help you fix your extra health! This first-rate mix comes directly from the hemp plant with the objective that you may be ensured which you are transforming into your first-rate recuperation. Also, the portions are each 100% characteristic and absolutely THC-FREE! This fundamentally pushes toward that this incredible hemp Gummies awards you to repair without a point of view results.
What Is The Sunnyvale Labs CBD Gummies Price?
You can declare the base Sunnyvale Labs CBD Gummies Cost by clicking any photograph or catch on this page! Our hyperlinks will dispatch you to direct to the peak propelling hemp Gummies so you can discover first-rate deals. If your surge, you may even report FREE hemp Gummies together close by your acquisition of the summit propelling tone!
Where To Buy Sunnyvale Labs CBD Gummies
On the off chance that you’re everything viewed as contemplating in which to buy Sunnyvale Labs Hemp Gummies, you may discover it at the substantial thing site! Else, you may tap on any photograph or catch on this site page to look at what phenomenal gives are open. If your surge, you may even articulate a FREE shading together close by your acquisition of the apex propelling hemp Gummies! With this first-rate deal, you may get your first honor for a part of the genuine cost.
Heartland
Pet CBD(cannabidiol) Market to See Booming Growth | Canna-Pet, Choom Holdings, Receptra …
Pet CBD(cannabidiol) Market research Report is a valuable supply of perceptive information for business strategists. This Pet CBD(cannabidiol) Market study provides comprehensive data which enlarge the understanding, scope and application of this report.
A specific study of competitive landscape of the global Pet CBD(cannabidiol) Market has alloted, providing insights into the corporate profiles, financial standing, recent developments, mergers and acquisitions, and therefore the SWOT analysis. This analysis report will provides a transparent plan to readers concern regarding the general market situation to further choose on this market projects.
The Pet CBD(cannabidiol) Market report profiles the following companies, which includes: – Canna-Pet, Choom Holdings, Receptra Naturals, Curaleaf, Trulieve Cannabis, Pure Spectrum, Cannabis Strategies Acquisition, Pet Releaf, Diamond CBD, PotNetwork Holdings, Kat’s Naturals, Bluebird Botanicals
Get Sample Copy of this Report @ https://www.reportsintellect.com/sample-request/1241443
This report studies the global Pet CBD(cannabidiol) Market status and forecast, categorizes the global Pet CBD(cannabidiol) Market size (value & volume), revenue (Million USD), product price by manufacturers, type, application, and region. Pet CBD(cannabidiol) Market Report by Material, Application and Geography with Global Forecast to 2025 is an connoisseur and far-reaching research provide details related to world’s major provincial economic situations, Concentrating on the principle districts (North America, South America Europe, and Asia-Pacific) and the crucial nations (United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, South Korea, and China).
By Types: CBD Capsule, CBD Oil, CBD Jelly
By Applications: Pets Gastrointestinal Diseases, Pet Sleep Disorder, Pet Anxiety
Market Segment by Regions, regional analysis covers
North America
Europe
Asia-Pacific
South America
Middle East and Africa
Table of Contents –
Global Pet CBD(cannabidiol) Market Size, Status and Forecast 2025
1 Market Overview
2 Manufacturers Profiles
3 Global Pet CBD(cannabidiol) Sales, Revenue, Market Share and Competition by Manufacturer
4 Global Pet CBD(cannabidiol) Market Analysis by Regions
5 North America Pet CBD(cannabidiol) by Countries
6 Europe Pet CBD(cannabidiol) by Countries
7 Asia-Pacific Pet CBD(cannabidiol) by Countries
8 South America Pet CBD(cannabidiol) by Countries
9 Middle East and Africa Pet CBD(cannabidiol) by Countries
10 Global Pet CBD(cannabidiol) Market Segment by Type
11 Global Pet CBD(cannabidiol) Market Segment by Application
12 Pet CBD(cannabidiol) Market Forecast
13 Sales Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers
14 Research Findings and Conclusion
15 Appendix
Get a Good Amount of Discount @ https://www.reportsintellect.com/discount-request/1241443
Overview of the chapters analysing the global Pet CBD(cannabidiol) Market in detail:
- Chapter 1 details the information relating to Pet CBD(cannabidiol) introduction, Scope of the product, market overview, Market risks, driving forces of the market, etc
- Chapter 2 analyses the top manufacturers of the Pet CBD(cannabidiol) Market by sales, revenue etc for the Forecast period 2020 to 2025
- Chapter 3 analyze on the competition landscape amongst the highest manufacturers based on sales, revenue, market share etc for the period 2020 to 2025.
- Chapter 4 defines the globalmarket by regions and their market share, sales, revenue etc for the period to 2025.
- Chapters 5 to 9 analyse the Pet CBD(cannabidiol) regions with Pet CBD(cannabidiol) countries based on market share, revenue, sales etc.
- Chapter 10 and 11 contain the knowledge concerning market basis types and application, sales market share, rate of growth etc for forecast period 2020 to 2025.
- Chapter 12 focuses on the market forecast for 2020 to 2025for the Pet CBD(cannabidiol) Market by regions, type and application, sales and revenue.
- Chapter 13 to 15 contain the transient details associate to sales channels, suppliers, traders, dealers, research findings and conclusion etc for the Pet CBD(cannabidiol) Market.
Reasons why you should buy this report
- Understand the current and future of the Pet CBD(cannabidiol) Market in both developed and emerging markets.
- The report assists in realigning the business strategies by highlighting the Pet CBD(cannabidiol) business priorities.
- The report throws light on the segment expected to dominate the Pet CBD(cannabidiol) industry and market.
- Forecasts the regions expected to perceive ascension.
- The newest developments within the Pet CBD(cannabidiol) industry and details of the industry leaders along side their market share and methods.
- Saves time on the entry level research as the report contains important data concerning about growth, size, leading players and segments of the industry.
- Save and cut time carrying out entry-level research by distinguishing the growth, size, leading players and segments within the global Market.
About Us:-
Reports Intellect is your one-stop solution for everything associated with marketing research and market intelligence. We tend to perceive importance of market intelligence and its need in today’s competitive world.
Our exhausting team works hard to fetch the foremost authentic research reports backed with impeccable data figures that guarantee outstanding results anytime for you.
So, whether it’s the newest report from the researchers or a custom requirement, our team is here to assist you within the absolute best way.
Contact Us:
[email protected]
PH – + 1-706-996-2486
US Address:
225 Peachtree Street NE,
Suite 400,
Atlanta, GA 30303
-
Heartland1 week ago
Will California Really Ban Smokable Hemp?
-
Heartland1 week ago
How do I make my own isolate cartridges?
-
Heartland1 week ago
CBD For Glioblastoma
-
Heartland1 week ago
Effective determination of the principal non-psychoactive cannabinoids in fiber-type Cannabis sativa L. by UPLC-PDA following a comprehensive design and optimization of extraction methodology
-
Heartland1 week ago
Biochemical aspects of seeds from Cannabis sativa L. plants grown in a mountain environment
-
Heartland1 week ago
Cannabinoids as Key Regulators of Inflammasome Signaling: A Current Perspective
-
Heartland1 week ago
CBD Oil Recommendations for Autism and ADHD (UK)?
-
Heartland1 week ago
Humboldt County, California, permanently bans hemp cultivation