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A reliable and validated LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of 4 cannabinoids in 40 consumer products

Published

3 years ago

May 3, 2018

In the past 50 years, Cannabis sativa (C. sativa) has gone from a substance essentially prohibited worldwide to one that is gaining acceptance both culturally and legally in many countries for medicinal and recreational use. As additional jurisdictions legalize Cannabis products and the variety and complexity of these products surpass the classical dried plant material, appropriate methods for measuring the biologically active constituents is paramount to ensure safety and regulatory compliance. While there are numerous active compounds in C. sativa the primary cannabinoids of regulatory and safety concern are (-)-Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and their respective acidic forms THCA-A and CBDA. Using the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) bioanalytical method validation guidelines we developed a sensitive, selective, and accurate method for the simultaneous analysis CBD, CBDA, THC, and THCA-A in oils and THC & CBD in more complex matrices. This HPLC-MS/MS method was simple and reliable using standard sample dilution and homogenization, an isocratic chromatographic separation, and a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) for analytes was 0.195 ng/mL over a 0.195-50.0 ng/mL range of quantification with a coefficient of correlation of >0.99. Average intra-day and inter-day accuracies were 94.2-112.7% and 97.2-110.9%, respectively. This method was used to quantify CBD, CBDA, THC, and THCA-A in 40 commercial hemp products representing a variety of matrices including oils, plant materials, and creams/cosmetics. All products tested met the federal regulatory restrictions on THC content in Canada (<10 μg/g) except two, with concentrations of 337 and 10.01 μg/g. With respect to CBD, the majority of analyzed products contained low CBD levels and a CBD: CBDA ratio of <1.0. In contrast, one product contained 8,410 μg/g CBD and a CBD: CBDA ratio of >1,000 (an oil-based product). Overall, the method proved amenable to the analysis of various commercial products including oils, creams, and plant material and may be diagnostically indicative of adulteration with non-hemp C. sativa, specialized hemp cultivars, or unique manufacturing methods.

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29718956/?utm_source=no_user_agent&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=1TUbR4JfRTv1rbahLd1HaiF0w5ryO5ocWB3_xk3Prq78L0AEhI&fc=20200804222312&ff=20200816131303&v=2.11.5

Related Topics:analysis cannabis cannabis products cbd compliance consumer FDA Federal heartland hemp legalize manufacturing method product recreational Regulatory safety thc

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An interesting case of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor presenting as cholangiocarcinoma

Heartland

Northeast Kingdom Hemp – Organic CBD Products

Northeast Kingdom Hemp prides itself in practicing sustainable organic farming that produces the healthiest and most precise small-batch CBD possible. All of our products are grown directly on our farm. Using state of the art in-house extraction methods we then produce the cleanest, highest quality, oils.

Our in-house small batch C02 Extraction techniques capture the full power of hemp in every bottle. Our attention to quality yields CBD oils that are pure, great tasting, and teeming with naturally occurring phytocannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids that are largely lost with more large scale industrial extraction methods.

ALL OF OUR CBD OILS ARE 100% USDA CERTIFIED ORGANIC

Because we perform the entire process from planting to bottling right here on the farm, we know that every step is done right to give you the purest healthiest CBD oils available.

Published

1 hour ago

January 20, 2021

Republished by Plato

ALL OF OUR CBD OILS ARE 100% USDA CERTIFIED ORGANIC

Because we perform the entire process from planting to bottling right here on the farm, we know that every step is done right to give you the purest healthiest CBD oils available.

Source: https://nekhemp.com/blog/

Heartland

Why Our CBD Gummies Are So Popular

Our CBD gummies are on another level! We’ve heard about how other CBD Gummies don’t taste very good. However, we’ve managed to find the perfect balance between the right amount of CBD and taste. If you have a sweet tooth you’ll love these CBD Gummies among other reasons.

Published

1 hour ago

January 20, 2021

Republished by Plato

What Do CBD Gummies Taste Like?

A common question we get is what do our CBD Gummies taste like? The taste is a fruity mix with notes of sour candy. They come in worm shapes and each one has 50 mg of CBD. However, unlike other CBD Gummies we don’t compromise on the taste. We realized that not many people enjoy the Earthy-bitter flavor of CBD. Therefore, they are sweet and even without the CBD they taste amazing!

Side Note: These Gummies are not diabetic or vegan friendly. The reason we didn’t decide to go that route is because of the taste. CBD alone already provides a different flavor. Therefore, we wanted a product that people are already familiar with. This product is great for CBD newcomers.

How CBD Gummies Are Different

Let’s face it, you probably don’t have much time for anything let alone taking in certain forms of CBD. You have to get the CBD that agrees with your lifestyle and for the person on the go our CBD Gummies are perfect. You simply open the package, throw a piece in your mouth and move on with your day. No questions, no preparations, and no need to carry any device around. You will also be free from any pressures on the duration it takes to consume CBD.

Some people who have issues with smoking or vaping their CBD find that CBD Edibles are equally as good. However, the main difference between ingesting your CBD VS. Vaping/Smoking is the absorption rate. Whenever you vape or smoke anything that product tends to enter into your system within minutes. Anything you eat or ingest can take between an hour to an hour and a half before you feel that product working.

CBD Gummies Will Not Get You High

Just like all of our CBD products – our Gummies are not meant to get you high. Yes, it takes longer for the CBD to hit your system this way; however, they are still non-psychoactive. All of our CBD products have below 0.03% THC so you’re not getting enough to produce a high. Also, our Gummies come from legally grown Hemp – not from Marijuana.

Another thing to consider is that even if you take the whole bag – it still won’t get you high. You might feel drowsy, upset stomach, or other unpleasant side effects. An important thing to note is that according to the World Health Organization (WHO) the toxic dose of CBD is 20,000 mg. A comfortable dosage that we recommend is 1 Gummy Worm, but dosages can vary depending on tolerance.

Drug Test

Although our CBD has about 0.03% of THC or less we get asked if you’ll pass a drug test. In short, you should be able to pass a drug test taking CBD Gummies but it can vary depending on the brand. Our lab test results for our CBD Gummies shows that our CBD has Non-Detectable traces of THC. However, if you’re buying a different brand of Edibles you’ll want to be sure you’re getting low to undetectable traces of CBD.

If you’re worried about passing a drug test we recommend not taking CBD for a while. This is of course assuming you know when you’re going to be drug tested. Also, CBD Isolate typically has less traces of THC than Full Spectrum CBD. This is because CBD Isolate separates the CBD from all of the other cannabinoids. This produces a more pure form of CBD which our Gummies use.

Conclusion

Why Our CBD Gummies Are So Popular

Our Gummies are among the most popular products that we carry. Aside from the convenience and strength factors; we believe the taste of these Gummies is one of the biggest reasons for their popularity. Although, they can’t get you high, we’re sure you’ll love the experience. If you are new to CBD this is the best beginners product because it gives you the right amount of CBD.

Source: https://savagecbd.com/blogs/savage-cbd/why-our-cbd-gummies-are-so-popular

Heartland

Purification and Biochemical Characterization of Sucrose synthase from the Stem of Nettle (Urtica dioica L.)

Sucrose synthase is a key enzyme in sucrose metabolism as it saves an important part of sucrose energy in the uridine-5′-diphosphate glucose (UDP-glucose) molecule. As such it is also involved in the synthesis of fundamental molecules such as callose and cellulose, the latter being present in all cell walls of plant cells and therefore also in the gelatinous cell walls of sclerenchyma cells such as bast fibers. Given the importance of these cells in plants of economic interest such as hemp, flax…

Published

1 hour ago

January 20, 2021

Republished by Plato

. 2021 Jan 16;22(2):E851.

doi: 10.3390/ijms22020851.

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Lavinia Mareri et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2021.

Abstract

Sucrose synthase is a key enzyme in sucrose metabolism as it saves an important part of sucrose energy in the uridine-5′-diphosphate glucose (UDP-glucose) molecule. As such it is also involved in the synthesis of fundamental molecules such as callose and cellulose, the latter being present in all cell walls of plant cells and therefore also in the gelatinous cell walls of sclerenchyma cells such as bast fibers. Given the importance of these cells in plants of economic interest such as hemp, flax and nettle, in this work we have studied the occurrence of Sucrose synthase in nettle stems by analyzing its distribution between the cytosol, membranes and cell wall. We have therefore developed a purification protocol that can allow the analysis of various characteristics of the enzyme. In nettle, Sucrose synthase is encoded by different genes and each form of the enzyme could be subjected to different post-translational modifications. Therefore, by two-dimensional electrophoresis analysis, we have also traced the phosphorylation profile of Sucrose synthase isoforms in the various cell compartments. This information paves the way for further investigation of Sucrose synthase in plants such as nettle, which is both economically important, but also difficult to study.

Keywords: Sucrose synthase; Urtica dioica; bast fibers; phosphorylation; protein purification.